...among people who design software for group use, human social instincts are sometimes jokingly referred to as "the monkey mind."
- Clay Shirky, Here Comes Everybody
In his book The Upside of Irrationality, Dan Ariely, a behavioral economist at Duke University and one of the most interesting and popular writers on the subject, describes an experiment involving two chimps placed in neighboring cages, with a table of food just outside the cages but still within their reach. The food table is wheeled, and either chimp can reach out to pull the table closer to its own cage (and farther from the other's). However, a "revenge rope" leading out from each cage is connected to the bottom of the table, rigged so that if either chimp pulls it the table will collapse and spill all the food onto the floor and out of reach for both of them. Researchers have found that if both chimps share the food, all goes well in this experiment. But if one chimp rolls the table too close to its own cage, the other will sometimes explode in a rage and yank the rope, collapsing the table. According to Ariely, "The urge to punish exists in animals, too....The similarity between humans and chimps suggests that both have an inherent sense of justice and that revenge, even at personal expense, plays a deep role in the social order of both primates and people."
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